The Four Noble Truths are central teachings in Buddhism that outline the nature of suffering and the path to liberation from it. These truths were realized by the Buddha during his enlightenment and form the foundation of his teachings.

1. **The Truth of Suffering (Dukkha)**: This first truth acknowledges that suffering is an inherent part of existence. It encompasses not only obvious forms of suffering, such as pain, illness, and death, but also subtler forms like dissatisfaction and unfulfilled desires. Life often fails to meet our expectations, leading to a pervasive sense of unease or suffering[1][2][3][5].

2. **The Truth of the Cause of Suffering (Samudaya)**: The second truth identifies the cause of suffering as craving or desire (tanhā). This craving leads to attachment and a mistaken belief in the permanence of things, which results in suffering. The Buddha taught that this craving is rooted in ignorance about the nature of reality[1][2][3][5].

3. **The Truth of the End of Suffering (Nirodha)**: The third truth offers hope by stating that the cessation of suffering is possible. This cessation, known as nirvana, is achieved by letting go of craving and attachment. It represents a state of liberation and freedom from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara)[1][2][3][5].

4. **The Truth of the Path to the End of Suffering (Magga)**: The fourth truth outlines the path to liberation, known as the Noble Eightfold Path. This path includes right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration. Following this path leads to ethical living, mental discipline, and wisdom, ultimately resulting in enlightenment[1][2][4][5].

These truths serve both as a diagnosis of the human condition and a prescription for overcoming it, akin to a physician diagnosing an ailment and prescribing a cure. They are universally accepted across different schools of Buddhism and remain a cornerstone of Buddhist philosophy and practice[3][5].

Citations:

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths

[2] https://www.lionsroar.com/buddhism/four-noble-truths/

[3] https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/beliefs/fournobletruths_1.shtml

[4] https://www.worldhistory.org/Four_Noble_Truths/

[5] https://www.britannica.com/topic/Four-Noble-Truths