Why Buddhism Is True" is a book written by Robert Wright, published in 2017. The book explores the intersections between evolutionary psychology, neuroscience, and Buddhist philosophy. It argues that certain aspects of Buddhist teachings align with modern scientific findings and can offer insights into human psychology and well-being. Here's a summary of the main ideas in the book:

1. **Mindfulness and Meditation**: The book emphasizes the value of mindfulness meditation, a central practice in Buddhism. It suggests that mindfulness can help individuals gain a clearer understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, leading to greater emotional regulation and well-being.

2. **Evolutionary Psychology**: Wright discusses the concept of "natural selection" from an evolutionary psychology perspective. He argues that human minds have evolved to possess certain cognitive biases and mental states that were advantageous for survival in ancestral environments. These biases can lead to suffering in modern contexts, but meditation can help individuals become more aware of and manage these biases.

3. **The Illusion of the Self**: Buddhism teaches that the concept of an enduring, independent self is an illusion. Wright explores how modern psychology supports this idea, as neuroscience suggests that the self is a construct of the brain, and meditation can help individuals perceive the fluid and impermanent nature of the self.

4. **Suffering and Happiness**: Buddhism identifies attachment and craving as sources of suffering. The book delves into how understanding the impermanent nature of desires and practicing mindfulness can lead to reduced suffering and increased happiness.

5. **The Role of Emotions**: The book examines the role of emotions and how meditation can help individuals become more aware of their emotions, leading to greater emotional intelligence and better decision-making.

6. **Altered States of Consciousness**: Wright explores the concept of "enlightenment" in Buddhism, discussing how certain meditative experiences can lead to altered states of consciousness and a sense of interconnectedness with the world.

7. **Compassion and Ethics**: The book discusses how Buddhist teachings on compassion and ethical behavior can lead to a more harmonious and morally grounded life. It suggests that cultivating empathy and compassion through meditation can contribute to personal and societal well-being.

In essence, "Why Buddhism Is True" argues that the principles and practices of Buddhism, particularly mindfulness meditation, align with modern scientific insights into human psychology and cognition. The book suggests that incorporating these practices into one's life can lead to greater self-awareness, emotional regulation, and overall well-being.