Benfords Law

 Benford's Law is a statistical principle that predicts the frequency distribution of leading digits in naturally occurring datasets. It states that in many real-world datasets, the first digit is more likely to be small, with "1" appearing about 30% of the time, while higher digits like "9" occur less frequently (around 5%). This logarithmic distribution applies to diverse data sets, such as financial transactions, population numbers, or scientific measurements. Benford's Law is often used in fraud detection, as manipulated data tends to deviate from this expected pattern. It works best with datasets spanning multiple orders of magnitude and is scale-invariant.

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 Metformin works to reduce A1C levels through several mechanisms:

1. Liver glucose production: Metformin decreases the amount of glucose produced by the liver54.

2. Glucose absorption: It reduces the amount of glucose absorbed from food and drinks in the gut25.

3. Insulin sensitivity: Metformin improves the body's response to its natural insulin, helping combat insulin resistance25.

4. Glycerol conversion: It inhibits the mitochondrial-associated enzyme glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, which converts glycerol to glucose4.

These combined effects result in lower blood glucose levels, which in turn leads to a reduction in A1C. Metformin typically lowers A1C by about 1% to 2% on average when used as monotherapy13. In some studies, metformin has been shown to lower A1C by up to 1.5%2.

The full glucose-lowering effect of metformin usually takes about 2 months to manifest, although some patients may see improvements in blood glucose levels within the first week of treatment2. Long-term A1C control is typically monitored by healthcare providers every 3 to 6 months to assess the medication's effectiveness3.

Citations:

1. https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/metformin-lower-a1c-how-3574052/
2. https://www.goodrx.com/metformin/how-long-it-takes-metformin-work
3. https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/how-long-metformin-take-work-3574615/
4. https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/how-a-widely-used-diabetes-medication-actually-works/
5. https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/better-me/what-you-need-to-know-about-metformin
6. https://hopkinsdiabetesinfo.org/medications-for-type-2-diabetes-metformin/
7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32936780/
8. https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/endocrinology/news/metformin-revisited/mac-20430448

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